Electrolyzers are critical for green hydrogen production, splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen via electricity from renewables. As of early 2026, the global market is dominated by alkaline (AWE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) technologies, with anion exchange membrane (AEM) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) emerging. Key efficiencies (based on higher heating value, HHV, system level) vary: AWE (~65-75%, mature and cost-effective for large-scale), PEM (~60-70%,