The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) has released the Draft Terms and Conditions of Tariff (Second Amendment), 2025 , marking a significant evolution in India’s transmission tariff framework. Building on the 2019 regulations and the 2023 first amendment, the new draft introduces provisions that mainstream energy storage systems (ESS) into tariff determination, particularly when linked to thermal Inter-State Transmission Systems (ISTS). Earlier regulations had