Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC): India Report

According to the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), India will increase its climate action by presenting the five nectar elements of its climate action, dubbed "Panchamrit," at the 26th session of the Conference of Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November 2021 in Glasgow (United Kingdom). These elements are as follows:

1. India will reach its non-fossil energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030;

2. India will meet 50 percent of its energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030;

3. India will reduce the total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes from now onwards till 2030;

4. By 2030, India will reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by less than 45 percent; and

5. By the year 2070, India will achieve the target of Net Zero.

India has revised its NDCs in light of the commitment it made to the international community at COP 26. (NDC). India submitted its revised Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for 2015 to the UNFCCC Secretariat on August 26, 2022. India's NDC has been revised to reflect the "Panchamrit" pledge made at COP 26. The update is significant because it helps India move closer to its long-term goal of becoming carbon neutral by the year 2070.

According to the revised NDC, by 2030 India will have reduced the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45 percent from its 2005 level and will have achieved about 50 percent of its cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources.

Here are the goals, as stated in the revised NDC:

• To propose and further spread a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation, including through a mass movement for 'LIFE'- 'Lifestyle for Environment' as a means of combating climate change.

• Second, to follow a cleaner and more climate-friendly path than has been taken by others at a similar stage of economic development.

• To cut its GDP's emissions intensity by 45% from its 2005 level by 2030.

• Four, by the year 2030, have non-fossil fuel-based energy resources account for roughly half of the country's cumulative electric power installed capacity with the aid of technology transfer and inexpensive international financing, including from the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

• By expanding forest and tree coverage, create an additional carbon sink of 2.5–3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030.

Increase investments in development programmes in climate-vulnerable sectors such as agriculture, water resources, the Himalayan region, coastal regions, health, and disaster management to better adapt to climate change. In light of the resource needed and the resource gap, step seven is to mobilise domestic and new and additional funds from developed countries to carry out the aforementioned mitigation and adaptation actions. In order to expedite the spread of cutting-edge climate technology in India and to facilitate joint collaborative R&D for such technologies in the future, it is necessary to develop the necessary capabilities, establish a domestic framework, and design an international architecture.

India's NDC focuses on a number of areas, including: promoting clean energy, especially renewable energy; improving energy efficiency; creating less carbon intensive and resilient urban centres; converting waste into wealth; establishing a safe, smart, and sustainable green transportation network; reducing pollution; and increasing forest and tree cover to act as a carbon sink. Citizens' and businesses' efforts to combat climate change are also documented in India's NDC.

The goal of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and the Ministry of Power is to have 50 percent of the country's cumulative electric power installed capacity come from renewable energy sources by 2030. The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, together with the Power Ministry, the Environment, Forestry, and Climate Change Ministry, and other relevant stakeholders, is making every effort to achieve the other goal.

In its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted to COP21, India pledged to have 40% of its installed electricity capacity come from non-fossil energy sources by 2030. This goal was completed in November of 2021. Today, the country has a total installed electricity capacity of 168.96 GW from renewable sources. A total of 175.75 GW, or 42.63 percent of total installed electricity capacity of 412.21 GW, is now derived from sources other than fossil fuels. The government is dedicated to reaching its goal of having 500 GW of installed electricity capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by the year 2030, as stated by the Hon'ble Prime Minister at the recently concluded CoP26.

Sector	Installed Capacity (in GW)
Thermal (Gas, Coal etc)	236.47 (57.37%)
Nuclear	6.78 (1.64%)
Renewable (Solar, Wind, Bio, Hydro)	168.96 (40.99%)
Total	412.21

In the budget speech for 2015–2016, the Honorable Finance Minister announced that "the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has revised its target of renewable energy capacity to 175,000 MW till 2022."

This target includes 100,000 MW of solar power, 60,000 MW of wind power, 10,000 MW of biomass power, and 5,000 MW of small hydro power. As of the 28th of February, 2023, a total of 168.96 gigawatts (GW) of capacity from renewable energy projects, including big hydro, had been installed in the country. In addition, projects with a total capacity of 82.62 GW are currently in various phases of execution, while projects with a total capacity of 40.89 GW are currently in various stages of the bidding process.

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